Why build the Large Hadron Collider? - page 5
Keywords: Physics Report Large Hadron Collider Basic Introduction Grand Unified Theory Cosmic Rays Anti Matter Extra Dimensions String Theory Dark Matter Higgs Boson
By Jenny on 02/07/2009
Level: A Level (Year 13)
Page Number: 5 of 16 pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
you would also need a magnetic field in the opposite direction, down.
In order to have two beams of protons going in opposite directions on the same horizontal circular path, they must be moving through two oppositely directed vertical magnetic fields, this is achieved by having two separate beam pipes going through oppositely directed magnetic fields or, more cheaply, by using "two-in-one" magnets, which are used in the LHC.[1][3]
The ATLAS Detector
[19]
The main feature of the ATLAS detector is its enormous doughnut-shaped magnet system. This consists of eight 25 m long superconducting magnet coils, arranged to form a cylinder around the beam pipe through the centre of the detector. During operation, the magnetic field is contained within the central cylindrical space defined by the coils.
During a colliding-beam experiment, the particles radiate in all directions, so the detector is cylindrical. It has several kinds of detector to identify the many different kinds of particle that con be produced.
More than 1700 scientists from 159 institutes in 37 countries work on the ATLAS experiment (March 2006).[19]
Models of particle collision
Here is an example of a real collision diagram for a collision that has already taken place.
It is a colour graphics reconstruction of the production of a Z weak boson in a proton-antiproton collision. The Z is identified by the blue and white tracks emerging from the sides of the cylindrical detector. These are left by the electron and positron coming from its decay.
This event was seen in the UA1 experiment led by Nobel Prize winner Carlo Rubbia (also at CERN). [4]
These tracks are an example of simulated data modelled for the ATLAS detector. These tracks would be produced if a miniature black hole was produced in the proton-proton collisions. The small black hole decays instantly to various particles via Hawking radiation.
The simulated collision event is viewed along the beampipe. The microscopic-black-hole is produced in the collision of two protons (not shown). It then immediately decays into many particles. The colours of the tracks show different types of particles emerging from the collision at the centre.[18]
This diagram shows how the particles produced in the event of a microscopic-black-hole being produced then immediately decaying would interact with the ATLAS detector. The simulated collision is viewed from the side (beam is horizontal in centre).
The black area in the centre with many particle tracks represents the inner detector (pixel detector, semiconductor tracker, and transition radiation
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