Rates Of Reaction - page 1
Keywords: Rates Of Reaction
By RyanJK on 07/11/2006 17:48:41
Level: GCSE Key Stage 4 (Years 10-11)
Page Number: 1 of 7 pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
GCSE Science Coursework – Chemistry
Rates of Reactions
Background Information:
Chemical Reactions:
A chemical reaction is a process involving one, two or more substances (called reactants), characterized by a chemical change and yielding one or more product(s) which are different from the reactants. All chemical reactions involve a change in substances and a change in energy and form a chemical bond. Neither matter nor energy is created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, only changed. Below is an example of a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen:
Chemical reactions can also be described as being endothermic and exothermic.
Endothermic Chemical Reaction:
An endothermic chemical reaction is when a chemical reaction has occurred or formed with the absorbption of heat.
Exothermic Chemical Reaction:
An exothermic chemical reaction is when a chemical reaction has occurred or formed with the evolution/releasing of heat.
It is helpful to think of exothermic reactions as proceeding from a higher energy (less stable) reactant state to a lower energy (more stable) product state, and vice versa for endothermic as shown in the diagram below:
Chemical Bonds:
A chemical bond is a mechanism that is used to chemically combine atoms. There are three different types of chemical bonds: metallic, ionic and covalent.
Metallic Bond:
A metallic bond occurs when positive metal ions are surrounded by a "sea of electrons" or freely-moving electrons.
Ionic Bond:
An ionic bond is a bond in which one or more electrons from one atom are removed and attached to another atom, resulting in positive and negative ions which attract each other.
Covalent Bond:
A covalent bond is a bond in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms.
Reactants:
A reactant is a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction. The two reactants that I will be using in my experiment are: magnesium and hydrochloric acid.
Hydrochloric Acid:
Hydrochloric acid is the aqueous (water-based) solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas. It is a strong and highly corrosive acid. It is ranked as one of the most hazardous compounds to ecosystems and human health. And only should be used under the safety and supervision of trained personnel.
Magnesium:
Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal. It has the symbol Mg, has an atomic № of 12 and an atomic mass of
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