Anatomy of ill health - page 5
Keywords: Anatomy ill health environmental health human body
By JN on 02/06/2009
Level: Bachelor Honours Degree (BA, BEng, BSc etc)
Page Number: 5 of 6 pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6
Men’s reproductive system includes prostate glands, testes, testicular vessels, penis and scrotum. Women’s includes ovaries. fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina and libia however both are protected by the pelvic girdle.
In men testes are two glands surrounded by skin. Their function is to produce spermatozoa and the male sex hormone testosterone, which gives males the manly characteristics. Testes also provide a store for sperm as the temperature in lower in the testes than in the body. The penis is responsible for carrying urine out of the body and also for ejecting semen. It is the sperm in the semen that fertilises the women’s ova.
In women the uterus (womb) is where a fertilised ovum develops to a baby. It is a muscular organ at a right angle to the vagina and connects fallopian tubes. It prepares monthly for pregnancy resulting in the menstrual period. The fallopian tubes are funnel shaped from the uterus to the ovaries and provide a passageway for ovaries into uterus. This is also the site of fertilisation. The vagina is another passage this time muscular; it is the birth canal and the passageway for menstrual blood. Both men and women have breasts however it is only the women’s that develop they are glands in the front of the chest that secret milk post pregnancy.
The digestive system is composed of the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, and the small and large intestine. It transforms food and drink into useful substances, which the body requires for energy, growth and repair. It starts in the mouth where saliva lubricates food making it easier to swallow and starts digesting the food. It uses the enzyme salivary amylase that acts on starch turning it to polysaccharides. This also helps keep the mouth and teeth clean. The tongue is responsible for taste it is covered with thousands of taste buds. This can also be a defence in the cases of foreign objects or harmful chemicals. The tongue acts as a chewing aid to breaking food up so it’s easier to swallow. The oesophagus is a muscular tube that further digests for whiles carrying it from the pharynx to the stomach. The stomach is made up of muscle which can expand and contact depending on the amount of food. It digests food-using enzymes, it produces mucus to lubricate food, it churns food, kills bacteria by producing hydrochloric acid and absorbs alcohol. The small intestine
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